ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND  ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW:  EXPLORING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ETHICAL AND SHARIA COMPLIANCE ISSUES

Khairani Hayat Situmorang; Imam Surbakti; Sri Wulan Dari Tri Utami

Penulis

Khairani Hayat Situmorang Institut Agama Islam Daar Al Uluum Asahan
Imam Surbakti Amik Universal Medan
Sri Wulan Dari Tri Utami Institut Agama Islam Daar Al Uluum Asahan

Kata Kunci:

Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Economic Law, Sharia Compliance, Ethics, Students' Perceptions, Qualitative Study.

Abstrak

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced various sectors, including education, economics, and finance. While AI offers numerous opportunities for improving efficiency and innovation, its implementation also raises ethical and Sharia compliance concerns, particularly within the context of Islamic Economic Law. This study aims to explore students' perceptions of ethical and Sharia compliance issues related to the use of AI in economic and financial activities. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research involved 13 undergraduate students of Islamic Economic Law selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five major themes: (1) positive perceptions of AI in learning and economic activities, (2) ethical concerns regarding accuracy, privacy, accountability, and technological dependence, (3) perceptions of AI and Sharia compliance, (4) opportunities for AI implementation in Islamic finance, and (5) challenges and future expectations. The results indicate that students generally perceive AI as a beneficial tool that enhances learning efficiency and supports innovation. However, they emphasize the importance of ensuring ethical use, human oversight, and compliance with Islamic principles such as justice (adl), public welfare (maslahah), transparency, and the avoidance of riba and gharar. The study concludes that students adopt a balanced perspective toward AI, recognizing both its opportunities and potential risks. The findings contribute to the growing discussion on AI, ethics, and Islamic Economic Law while offering practical implications for Islamic higher education and the development of Sharia-compliant AI applications.

Referensi

Abozaid, A., & Dusuki, A. W. (2007). The challenges of realizing maqasid al-shariah in Islamic banking and finance. In Proceedings of the IIUM International Conference on Islamic Banking and Finance.

Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). (2021). Sharia standards. AAOIFI.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Dusuki, A. W., & Abdullah, N. I. (2007). Maqasid al-shariah, maslahah, and corporate social responsibility. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 24(1), 25–45.

Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB). (2023). Guiding principles on governance for Islamic financial institutions. IFSB.

Iqbal, Z., & Mirakhor, A. (2011). An introduction to Islamic finance: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Kamla, R., & Alsoufi, R. (2015). Critical Muslim intellectuals' discourse and the issue of Islamic business ethics. Humanomics, 31(2), 152–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-06-2014-0041

Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeiffer, F., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, Article 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274

McCarthy, J. (2007). What is artificial intelligence? Stanford University. http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). OECD principles on artificial intelligence. OECD Publishing.

Rahman, Y. A. (2010). The art of Islamic banking and finance: Tools and techniques for community-based banking. John Wiley & Sons.

Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (4th ed.). Pearson.

Saeed, A. (1996). Islamic banking and interest: A study of the prohibition of riba and its contemporary interpretation. Brill.

UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO.

Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540

World Economic Forum. (2024). Artificial intelligence governance alliance: Briefing paper series. World Economic Forum.

Zahrah, H., & Hassan, M. K. (2022). Ethical considerations of artificial intelligence in Islamic finance. Journal of Islamic Finance and Business Research, 11(2), 45–58.

Zainuddin, N., & Rahman, F. A. (2023). Students' perceptions of artificial intelligence in higher education: Opportunities, challenges, and ethical concerns. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 1–18.