DILEMA PENERAPAN PASAL PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK DI ERA DIGITAL: ANTARA KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN KEBEBASAN BERPENDAPAT
Kata Kunci:
Freedom of Expression, Defamation, Digital Footprint, ITE Law, Restorative JusticeAbstrak
Advancements in information technology have transformed the landscape of social communication while intensifying the normative conflict between freedom of expression and the protection of reputation. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of legal synchronization following the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2024 (the Second Amendment to the ITE Law), specifically regarding the parameters distinguishing opinion from defamation and the implications of digital footprints on the gradation of criminal sanctions. Employing a normative-juridical legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study examines the doctrinal dynamics of cyber law enforcement. The findings indicate that Article 27A of Law No. 1 of 2024 introduces a more rigorous legal paradigm by requiring a material element specifically, an allegation regarding a factual act rather than relying merely on emotional offense. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of digital information namely its permanence (persistence) and exponential reach (multiplier effect) are recognized by judges as determining variables in assessing the extent of reputational damage, thereby influencing the severity of sanctions imposed. The application of restorative justice and the adoption of the "actual malice" doctrine have proven to be essential instruments in mitigating the abuse of legal processes. The study concludes that the synchronization of constitutional law and substantive cyber criminal law is moving toward a proportional balance, yet it requires more consistent technical guidelines regarding digital codification at the judicial level.
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