JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLES OF COURIERS AND PACKAGE RECIPIENTS IN NARCOTICS CRIMES THROUGH DELIVERY SERVICES (CASE STUDY AT NORTH SUMATRA REGIONAL POLICE)

Abstrak

This study examines the legal position of couriers and package recipients in narcotics crimes committed through delivery services and the investigation practice of the North Sumatra Regional Police. The research uses normative legal research with an empirical juridical approach based on statutory materials, criminal-law literature, official documents, and interviews with investigators. The findings show that a courier or recipient cannot be held criminally liable merely because that person physically carries or receives a package; investigators must prove knowledge, intent, control, and concrete involvement in the narcotics distribution process. The investigation proceeds through initial information, inquiry, coordination with delivery companies, securing and seizing packages, witness examination, examination of couriers and recipients, laboratory testing, analysis of communications, and case-file preparation. Criminal liability is determined from evidence of knowledge and active participation, while investigators must also develop the case toward the sender or controller of the network